A Women Of No Importance Essay

Explore the ways Wilde presents late nineteenth century women. What he is saying about the fashionable women of the time, their interests, ideas, attitudes and treatment in A Women f No Importance? A woman of no importance is a play about the upper and middle class. Wilde uses the women to portray is attitudes and views on the society of the nineteenth century. He portrays women in a way women would not have behaved at that time; this gives a comical atmosphere to the audience. In 1893 A women of no importance would have been very entertaining to watch, the audience would have found the play amusing however they would have been laughing at themselves as Wilde wrote the play to criticize the society. The play’s first setting is a female home with conversation between women; Wilde may have done this to show the importance of women. Lady Caroline is the first character the audience meet; Wilde may have also done this for a purpose. From the title ‘Lady’ we know Lady Caroline is a wealthy and high up in the aristocracy in England. She is a typical member of the high society; she has a very dominating overbearing personality and shows pride in her position. The Audience would have immediately recognised this from Lady Caroline’s conversation with Hester. She speaks down to her American guest, Hester who is travailing alone, â€Å"you have no country houses, I am told, in America?† Another theme that Wilde conveys through women is the theme Hypocrisy and double standards. This is again shown through Lady Caroline and her attitudes towards the puritan Hester. Lady Caroline criticises lady Hunstaton choice of guests â€Å"But Mrs Allonby is hardly a very suitable person† but then praises Lady Hunstaton for inviting her to a pleasant party, Wilde is effectively satirising members of high society. Hester vocalises her opinion that she dislikes Mrs Allonby but Lady Caroline patronises Hester â€Å"I am not sure, that foreigners like yourself should cultivate like or dislikes.† suggesting that Hester is not a valued member of society. Wilde mocks the attitude of the high society through the ignorant women. Lady Caroline is not as knowledgeable as she likes to make out, she continually keeps getting the name of the politician wrong, mistaking him for ‘Me kettle’ â€Å"Kevil, my love kevil.† The audience would mock Lady Caroline for this foolish mistake she keeps making. Hester Worsley’s title is changed as the play progresses. Hester is first referred to as ‘Miss Worsley’ then she becomes known as the ‘American’ and finally ‘A puritan’. Hester is a contrast to all the other women in A women of no importance and all the women take a dislike to her she told me yesterday, and in quite a loud voice, that she was only eighteen. It was most annoying.† She has strong morals, values and opinions which she is not afraid to express ‘I dislike London Dinner Parties’. Wilde may have used Hester’s character to present his on views on the English aristocratic society. Members of the high society frown upon those who are unmarried â€Å"I don’t think that England should be represented abroad by unmarried man† being married is more socially accepted. This gives the audience an impression of how shallow the society was and how status and social position dictate how people lived their lives. Lady Caroline’s and Sir Johns is very different to a traditional Victorian marriage. Usually the man is the dominant one and women were known as men’s property. However Wilde contrasts this view, by Lady Caroline having control over her husband, being the dominant one in the relationship â€Å"John you should have your muffler. What is the use of my always knitting mufflers for you if you don’t wear them?† Their relationship is clearly showing a lack of love and affection. Their relationship is more like a child and parent relationship because of the idea of Lady Caroline ‘spoiling’ Sir John. Wilde is suggesting that they are together out of convenience and presentation. Lady Caroline gives her husband orders in the same way lady Hunstaton orders her servants â€Å"you had better go and put your overshoes at once.† During the Victorian times when A women of no importance was written, women rights were begging to increase. In 1857 the matrimonial causes Act was established, in 1882 married women’s property act was confirmed, which gave women more rights and power over themselves, property and their children. These factors contributed to the way Wilde presented certain women especially Lady Caroline and Mrs Allonby. Mrs Allonby is very similar to lord Illingworth they are both described as ‘dandies’ they use language which is intended to shock the audience. At the end of act one is it clear that Mrs Allonby is flirting with Lord Illingworth â€Å"What a thoroughly bad man you must be!† Wilde creates Mrs Allonby as a character who considers being a person who restricts the morals and norms of the society, in Victorian times there would have been very strict morals and social codes. â€Å"Women adore failures, they lean on us† Mrs Allonby is going against the stereotype, the man having control within Victorian marriages. At the end of Act one Lord Illingworth reads Mrs Arbuthnot’s letter, he says â€Å"no one in particular A Woman of no importance†, the title of the play, which demonstrates Wilde’s views on the treatment of women in society. Act 1 ends giving the audience an impression of a self-concerned, hypocritical society. Wilde presents these ideas through the use of comedy which give a strong message to the audience.

Robert Nozick’s Experience Machine

Good experiences are something that we spend our life constantly striving to obtain. Once we gain these good experiences, we look for the next opportunity in order to gain that same great feeling that we had in our last experience. What if someone told you that there was a way to have these good experiences all the time? You could quite literally plug yourself into a machine that would give you the great experiences that you have been searching for your whole life. The best part is that, once you have decided to plug yourself into this machine, you would feel and think that these false experiences you are having are real. Robert Nozick proposes this very scenario in his book Anarchy State, and Utopia. This scenario is known as â€Å"the experience machine†. (Nozick 1974, 165) Sounds great, doesn’t it? I would beg to differ. Is pleasure really the only thing that we spend our life searching for? I would argue that there are far many other important values other than pure pleasure; that is why I would not plug into the experience machine. While Nozick’s scenario may seem very tempting, there are several key elements to consider before making a decision to enter this experience machine. Does entering this experience machine correspond with one’s set of values? I would say that there are far more important things than just pleasure. It is fair to say that actually doing certain things, and not just simply having the experience of them is a good core value. We want to actually in our real world accomplish our own goals. Attaining these goals are what many people live their lives for. Aristotle claims, â€Å"Man is a goal seeking animal. His life only has meaning if he is reaching out and striving for his goals. (Aristotle, 163) Perhaps this is what we desire; to live our lives striving to achieve our goals. Whether all of our experiences are 100% pleasurable does not matter. As long as we know that we are actually living our own lives. Clearly, there is opposition to my argument. The opposing party may say something like, â€Å"What’s the value in the capacity to freely make decisions or the ability to be in the real world if neither of these things al lows us to feel good? † (Perry, 166) That is a fair question and one that Peter Unger cleverly answers. Unger mentions the tendency for us to buy life insurance as a claim that good experiences are not the only thing that matter to us. We do not get good experiences for paying our life insurance. In fact, we will never experience anything that happens to this money. We do this so that our dependents will benefit from this money. With all this said, we are still very rational in buying this life insurance. (Unger 1990, 166) Therefore, we should value our capacity to make free decisions in the real world over just having good experiences. The life insurance example, that Unger mentions, is a perfect example as to why there are things that matter to us besides pleasure. Nozick sums this up by saying, â€Å"Perhaps what we desire is to live as ourselves, in contact with reality. † (Nozick? 2010, 1) One can interpret Nozick’s statement by his insinuation that gaining pure pleasurable experiences are not as valuable as knowing that we are living in contact with reality. We should cherish and desire our lives in our realistic world; false pleasure experiences have no real value. In our lives, we want to BE certain people—to plug in to an experience machine is to commit a form of suicide. (Nozick? 2010, 1) Plugging into an experience in order for you to merely experience false happenings would be lying to yourself that this gaining false pleasure is actually being experienced. In the real world, we can actually mold ourselves into the person that we want to become through our real experiences. There is a certain value in actually accomplishing a goal that has been set for yourself. We have free will, unlike in the experience machine. This free will allows us live in contact with reality and gain real life experiences by our choosing. This in turn, allows us to become the person that we want to be. Robert Nozick’s experience machine can be extremely tempting when taken at face value. It offers us false pleasure experiences that could possibly entice and excite many to consider plugging into this machine. However, we must not forget that having false good experiences is not worth throwing away a reality rich world—a world in which we have the free will to decide who we will become as a real person. One must never forget this value. This s a complicated matter but Nozick puts it well by saying, â€Å"We learn that something matters to us in addition to experience by imagining an experience machine and then realizing that we would not use it. † (Nozick 1974, 165) When pondering this concept longer, we realize that we actually want to do certain things and not just have the false experience of hav ing done them. (Nozick ? 2010, 1) We come to realize that this experience machine, while being tempting, does not correspond with our values and desires. Losing our free will and all contact with reality is not more tempting than being the authors of our own lives. Reference List (Works Cited) 1. )Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. (cited in Introduction to Philosophy Fifth Edition. John Perry, Michael Bratman, John Martin Fischer. Oxford University Press. 2010. ) 2. )Aristotle. (Quoted in Genius! : nurturing the spirit of the wild, odd, and oppositional child . George T. Lynn, Joanne Barrie Lynn. 2006) http://books. google. com/books? id=LkNsXpMusnwC&pg=PA163&dq=Man+is+a+goal+seeking+animal. +His+life+only+has+meaning+if+he+is+reaching+out+and+striving+for+his+goals. &as_brr=0&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Man%20is%20a%20goal%20seeking%20animal. 20His%20life%20only%20has%20meaning%20if%20he%20is%20reaching%20out%20and%20striving%20for%20his%20goals. &f=false 3. )Perry, John; Bratman, Michael; Fischer, John Martin. Introduction to Philosophy Fifth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2010. 4. )Unger, Peter. 1990. Identity, Consciousness, and Value. (Cited in Introduction to Philosophy Fifth Edition. John Perry, Michael Bratman, John Martin Fisch er. Oxford University Press. 2010. ) 5. )Nozick? , Robert. (quoted in Lewis and Clark: Robert Nozick. The Experience Machine 2010. ) http://legacy. lclark. edu/~jay/Robert%20Nozick. pdf.

A School for My Village

Anna Spangler Professor Williamson English 101 November 19, 2012 A School For My Village The story of the building of an extraordinary school for innocent orphans that are not healthy and the astonishing effort by one man, Twesigye Jackson Kaguri, to raise an African community out of poverty and hopelessness makes a highly inspiring book. A School For My Village is an unforgettable page- turner that demonstrates that one person with a bold dream can change the lives of people who deeply need it and can make the world a better place to live in.This story is a great example of how turning tragedy into hope can result in a very successful thing and how one person can truly make an enormous difference in the world for the better. Kaguri tells his story of how he overcame tremendous odds on building a tuition-free school for HIV/AIDS orphans in his home village of Nyakagyezi, Uganda. This amazing story combines his own story of growing up in Nyaka, the events that led him promoter for HIV /AIDS, and his journey toward founding/ developing the school. Growing up in rural Uganda, Kaguri lived on his family’s small farm and often-worked long hours for his father.His parents were barely able to send him to college with the little money that they had saved, but Kaguri overcame the odds and eventually became a visiting scholar at Columbia University in New York City. He overcame poverty to earn a degree and worked as a human rights advocate. When he returned to his village in Uganda with his wife after earning his degree, the number of orphans who were the victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic overwhelmed him with dissatisfaction, so he vowed to open the first tuition-free school in the district for these innocent children who desperately needed it.Faced with many daunting obstacles, including little money, skepticism among friends in both the U. S. and Uganda, corrupt school inspectors, and a lack of supplies, he and his wife doggedly built one classroom after another u ntil they had an accredited primary school filled with students dreaming of becoming the future doctors, teachers, lawyers, engineers, and even presidents of Uganda.This inspiring story is a very heart warming one that makes you realize how lucky you actually are for the life that you have and the amount of opportunities you can get that you are able to succeed in. This story really teaches you to not be selfish and I believe that is an important aspect that every human being needs to learn better. Who knew one person could make such an impact on so many lives for the better? Kaguri answered that question on a whole new level with his actions that he had completed and been successful in.A School For My Village teaches readers that anything is possible if you put hard work into it. It also teaches you to never give up no matter how many things are not in your favor or working in your manor. Kaguri did not want the children of his hometown to be held back because of the opportunities/ learning utensils that they did not have, so he found a way to give them what they need in order to be successful. Those heroic efforts accomplished by Kaguri are truly unbelievable and definitely need to be known throughout the world.

Write an essay about a leader you consider to be a great lrader any

Write an about a leader you consider to be a great lrader any country living or dead - Essay Example hich included being a soldier, a writer, a politician as well as a statesman, he was able to hone his leadership skills and develop them for the future of the country. Moreover, his inherent personality also revealed a risk taking and determined attitude which helped him become the remembered man that he is today. One of his greatest capabilities was to inspire people despite the ominous circumstances that may have loomed in the country at the time. Even during the crucial time of war, Churchill was able to make people realise the need for being positive and fighting in the name of patriotism. He demonstrated streaks of enthusiasm as well as determination in public and the effects of his zeal were felt immediately in all parts of the country. He always preached being positive and did not entertain any kind of negotiation with Hitler. He inspired almost all the citizens that lived in Britain at the time with the help of his stalwart fortitude. When he became the Prime Minister, he was 65 years old however his age did not tie his enthusiasm down because he continued to be extremely energetic at the old age of 65 as well. He had mustered enough experience at the time and was at a spot where he knew exactly what the citizens of the country desired. During the course of his career, he was also subject to a number of faulty decisions and unpopularity however, all of that added on to the experience that he had gained over the years which finally helped him make good judgements. He also possessed excellent communication skills and has been known to be one of the greatest orators of all time. Churchill had a great amount of charisma which attracted people towards him and the principles that he preached. One of the main traits of leadership is to have an excellent personality and make people want to be someone because of the personality that they possess. He had a great amount of confidence when talking to people and was able to win their hearts over and help them

Cetuximab for treating Colorectal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cetuximab for treating Colorectal - Essay Example and Wheeler (2011) â€Å"many human epithelial cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), breast, pancreatic and brain cancer† (p.778) are the main sites for the expression for EGFR. The EGFR belongs to EGF receptor family, which also belongs to the family of tyrosine kinase. The receptor is ubiquitously expressed in many cells with epithelial, neuronal and mesenchymal origin (Harding and Burtness 2005). During homeostatic condition the regulation of these receptors are activated when ligand molecules like TGFÃŽ ± (transforming growth factor alpha), EGF and AR (amphiregulin) are available. These ligands have specificity for EGFR. Therefore, the target of the drug is usually expressed in many parts of the body with epithelial, neuronal and mesenchymal cells if there is a ligand molecule to initiate the expression process. When the ligand binds to the EGFR receptors, activation takes effect, which is manifested by downstream activation of pathways like PLCy/PKC, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and P13K/AKT. In the absence of this process the net effect would lead to the activation of cells to proliferate, metastatic and survival of potential cancer cells (Oliveras-Ferraros et al 2008; Chen et al 2012). The drug has high affinity for EGFR. Therefore, its affinity out-competes both the EGF and TGFÃŽ ±, whose binding would have initiated proliferation, metastatic and survival of cancerous and tumours cells. The drug binds to the extracellular domain of EGFR to cause lockage of ligand induced EGFR phosphorylation or ligand binding. By hindering HER and EGFR members from binding to the receptor, the drug promoted degradation and internalisation of EGFR, thereby abrogating the downstream cascades of signal pathways (Brand et al 2011). Cells are arrested and prevented from existing the G1 phase of the cycle. Besides, interaction of the drug with the receptor decreases the expression of factors like

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Globalisation - Essay Example Cities in Australia such as Perth and Brisbane offer attractive investment opportunities to potential investors leading to the rise in capital growth rate. Australian cities like Melbourne, Adelaide, Bribane and Perth are also known for the low cost of living prevailing compared to other capital cities in the world. These Australian cities are ranked top 30 globally for the high life quality. Current exchange rates against other currencies are exceedingly friendly in Australia hence making it ideal for foreign investors who wish to make purchases in Australia. The explanation for this is that they have the capacity to buy more than what they would have bought in their own countries with the same amount. Low interest rates in its economy enable investors get big loans from banks, which thereafter yield significant returns that boost the country’s GDP. The Australian government put a lot of money into available growth opportunities hence making it possible for the countryâ€℠¢s economy to survive economic hard times (McLean 7). Question 2 Although Australia is ranked as one of the best-performed economies in the developed world, its citizens are pessimistic about their economy. Some of its citizens thinks that their economy over-rely on non-renewable natural resources for energy used both locally and for export,they claim that they may run at a loss when coal deposits are depleted from the mines. Other citizens do not enjoy the use of coal as a source of energy in their country, they claim that use of coal is one of the major contributors of global warming hence they ask the government to invest on other modes of energy production. Australian’s economy is dominated by small to medium sized enterprises. The entire country’s population thinks that these SME’s lack proper management teams compared to larger companies hence performing poorly in the economy. The citizens think that government should provide relevant training to the entre preneurs to improve their performance. Further still, many citizens perceive the strength of the country’s currency negatively. They believe that it blamable for increasing unemployment rates as many people have lost their jobs in leading companies like Toyota. This has exposed how fragile the manufacturing sector is. Country’s economists blame the Australian dollar for damaging the market at international level. This is because, of the increase of prices of Australian goods. As a consequence, the demand of country’s locally produced goods is decreasing with a notable rate (Martin 1). Citizens have also noted that its government has not put enough money on technology development hence importing more than exports on ICT. Government is also blamed for making its IT purchases outside the country, yet same equipments are available in local companies. Question 3 China’s economic growth and technological advancement have drawn investors’ and governmentâ €™s interest. As such, Australia should take the lead and welcome Chinese’s increasing foreign investment. Australia benefits from it both directly and indirectly. Given that Australia do not invest much on ICT, China gets to supply them with the ICT equipment since it is known as an of the ICT equipments exporter. If Australia accepts to trade with China government, it will get a chance to negotiate better prices on its ICT purchases hence reducing import costs. Australia also exports its

When Life Imitates Video by John Leo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

When Life Imitates Video by John Leo - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the article revolves around the possibility of real-life events beings strikingly similar to those portrayed in violent video games. The author, a writer by heart, has done service to the public by indulging in writing different society centered articles and serving practically for the betterment of higher academics for the past few decades. This article could well be ascertained as a continuation of the chain of his service to his fellow beings. Commencing with the mentioning of a Colorado incident in which teenagers indulged in a violent shooting spree that eventually led to the killing of themselves at their own hands, the author is pained at noticing the obvious influence of gaming on youngsters. It is perceived by the writer that the actions of youngsters were influenced by situations in video games. The opening paragraph gives an evident idea of the purpose with which the author has written it. The purpose of the writer, mainly, is to highlight how scenarios portrayed in violent video games are being adapted to real life by the youngsters who are deeply influenced by them. The audience the writer targets are individuals within the general public and also the video games’ manufacturers. The widespread use of video games and the parents’ leverage given to kids to play them with ease gives an idea that parents are unaware of the hazards involved with the games. The author aims to target these oblivious parents as the audience trying to bring them to light about the alarming problem at hand. Quoting logic and reason, the author tries to clearly signify the relationship that exists between violence in video games and real world mishaps. The argument most presumably set forth by video games promoters that there basically is no direct link that could prove the effect of violence in video games on youngsters and their real-life issues have been responded well by the customer. Understanding the opposin g viewpoint’s position, the writer accepts that there may be personal issues involved with the personalities of individuals who show being affected by the violence related mentality but this mainly is, in the words of the writer, the weakest point that should be addressed. According to the writer, the individual youngsters that come from strong-willed and well brought up families are less likely to fall prey to these violence-prone games. It mainly is the distressed and the oppressed youngsters only who find their refuge in the video games where they find all the violence to lure their oppressed and neglected thoughts, a perfect place to let go of their frustrations. The problem, according to the writer, is that millions of youngsters of the current society are indulged in activities that would do nothing but hurt their counterparts and themselves alike, considering this as being no objectionable practice whatsoever. All this is owing to the fact that oppression has been made an everyday affair by the everyday use of violence-laden video games. The author inputs logic into his writing beautifully by mentioning the point of view of Dr. David Grossman of Arkansas State University who is both a psychologist and a retired Army officer. His point of view is of immense importance as he assesses the situation from two distinct aspects, both from a psychologist’s and an army officer’s point of view. He completely seconds the stance of the author adding that enabling kids and youngsters to get indulged into electronic games at such an extensive rate has made it common for them to think of killing someone no matter what the situation. The severity of the matter has been eliminated by the realistic aspects introduced into the games such as those of the armory being just like real-world weapons and also the scenarios being very realistic as well.

Why is language a cultural resource and Should provisions be made for Essay

Why is language a cultural resource and Should provisions be made for the support of lesser used and indigenous languages in th - Essay Example For an ethnic group, it forms part of the way meanings are constructed and contexts are created, facilitating social relations. It is, hence, easy to understand why ethnic groups cling to their languages with such fervor even when living in a foreign society – language is part of their cultural identity. The dynamics of this fact is illustrated in the way bilingualism persists among Americans. Latinos, Asians and other ethnic minorities speak at least two languages. Collectively, they represent a sizable portion of the American population. In education, this issue is important because, until only recently, the erstwhile government policy on language is â€Å"English only.† The government reduced support for bilingual programs in education, effectively reducing bilingual teachers in the process. According to Katz (2004), if this policy will continue, it will seriously affect the chances of the children of the 47 million non-native English speakers today and in the future . Teachers who understand the language requirements of students would be scarce and students study in â€Å"sink-or-swim† mainstream English classes, effectively compromising the attainment of academic proficiency.

Literature Review and Critique of the Experiential Learning Model Research Paper

Literature Review and Critique of the Experiential Learning Model - Research Paper Example 127) while also providing an opportunity for the participants to practice and refine their learning. According to Kolb (1984), learning is the â€Å"transformation of experience into knowledge† (p. 38). According to Kolb’s experiential learning model, learners grasp information via concrete experiences (CE) and abstract concepts (AC) and then transform this information using reflective observation (RO) and active experimentation (AE). This paper will review available literature to find out the effectiveness of experiential learning model when applied in a learning situation. Literature Review Definitions of Experiential Learning Experiential learning occurs when learners interact with other people, information and/or experience. It includes the process of practice, interaction and reflection that follow one another with an emphasis on feedback. According to Fenwick (2001) the "basic conceptualization of experiential learning is an independent learner, cognitively reflec ting on concrete experience to construct new understandings, perhaps with the assistance of-an educator, toward some social goal of progress or improvement. (p. 7) Kolb's Experiential Learning Model Kolb developed his experiential learning model in 1974. In his model, Kolb emphasized the role that experience plays in the learning process. He believed that learning occurs in a four stage repetitive cycle. Although learning can start occurring at any of these stages, the concrete experience stage is considered to be the first step in the learning process. During this stage, an individual is performing a task or experiencing a certain situation. Reflection consists of reviewing what has been done or experienced. Conceptualization involves the interpretation of the events that have been noticed and understanding the relationships among them. Finally, experimentation enables a learner to actually apply what has been learnt in new life situations. "Immediate, concrete experience is the ba sis for observation and reflection. These observations are assimilated into "theory" from which new implications for action can be deduced. These implications or hypotheses then serve as guides in acting to create new experiences" (Kolb, 1974, p. 28). Ricci (2000) completed a phenomenological study of the experience of learning in adult higher education. The study was conducted with twelve undergraduate college students, ages 20-50. The study revealed the essential nature of the complex interaction of several components (themes) in adult learning, while also highlighting the unique expression of learning structure by each individual. The study supported the perceiving and processing dimensions of Kolb's model; however, it also revealed more factors, such as learner's self-motivation, the learning situation itself, and other environmental factors that facilitate successful learning (Ricci, 2000). Similarly to Ricci's study, Decker's (1996) study examined whether the Interpersonal and Intercultural Adjustment curriculum moved the student through the four stages ofthe experiential learning cycle proposed and described by Kolb. Decker also sought to identify the essential curricular and pedagogical components of the curriculum that contributed to the effectiveness of the course. A qualitative research methodology consisting of participant observation, narrative analysis, and ethnographic interviewing provided strong support to the hypothesis that students did show evidence of movement though Kolb's four stages of learning. The

THE GEARED SYSTEM AND THE GEAR BOX Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

THE GEARED SYSTEM AND THE GEAR BOX - Coursework Example Theory has it that the larger the gear the less the revolution and the reverse are also true. But can this be explained experimentally? Questions that are of fundamental and the experiment seek answers to are: what is the gear system? What does the gear system entail? And last but not least, what objectives define this experiment? A gear is a common device that is used in transmission of power in engineering. It is an essential component in running of automobiles and machinery (Uicker 67). A geared system includes any system that is toothed and designed for transmission or receiving of motion by means of using successive engaged teeth. The wheel is called the larger wheel where as the pinion is referred to as a smaller gear. A gear is used in engineering situations. It facilitates the rotational speed, the transmission of power (torque) and the direction of output and input shaft. Simpler gear specifications occurs in a gear ratio whereby the ratio of the number of hearing teeth that are the driving gears to the numbers of hearing teeth on the driven gear could be more or less than one. In cases where value of the ratio is more than one, this will lead to a reduced driving rotational speed, and in cases where it is less than one, it could give an increased speed. This experiment seeks to study different gear arrangements and some uses of the gear system. An automotive gear is a gear system that is used in the automotive industry (Uicker 92). This gear gives out a high torque and converts the mechanical energy in a smooth and noiseless way. Turbine gears, on the other hand, are used in minimization of power and noise. Worm gears are gears that are used in driving of the tooth wheel rim that is positioned on the turbines bearing. The objectives set for this experiment was to study different arrangements of gears including worm gearboxes, automobile gear boxes, as well as, turbine reduction gear boxes. Theory. The important specification of the parameters of the g ears includes the number of the gears teeth (z), the circular pitch diameter of the gear (d), and the module (m). The module, m, can, therefore, be given by the following equation; m= d/z, d is the path diameter which could transmit equal motion as that of the actual gear by a pure rolling. The gear ratio or the torque ratio can also be termed as the mechanical advantage. For a basic gear train that has two gears, input gear drives output gear. The teeth of the gear are normally made in a manner that the pitch circles of one gear rolls on another without slipping (Uicker 42). The speed (v) of the contact point of the pitch circles are equal and are given by the following equation; V = r A w A = r B w B, where the input gear (GA) has a radius (r A) and an angular velocity (w A), where as the output gear (GB) has a radius (r B) and angular velocity (w B). The radius of the pitch circle is directly proportional to the number of teeth in gear. This, therefore, implies that the number of teeth’s ratio is equal to the radii’s ratio, that is W A/ w B= r B/ r A = N B/N A. Where N A is the input gear’s total number of teeth where as N B is the output gear’s number of teeth. Therefore, the gear ratio for a basic gear train is equal to; R= w A/ w B = N B/ N A. This equation implies that if the number of teeth in the input gear is smaller than that of the output gear, then the input gear has to go through a faster rotation in comparison with the output gear. Observations. The different types of the gear teeth were observed in the laboratory and their names and diameter recorded in the table shown below. Name of the gear Diameter of the gear(cm) 1st gear 13.50 2nd gear 7.25 3rd

Drug Dealer Liability Act Essay Example for Free

Drug Dealer Liability Act Essay Legislatures are passing a unique new statute that provides redress for those injured by illegal drugs. This new law has greatest impact on drug-crime relationship for the reason that, known as the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act (DDLA), makes drug dealers civilly liable to those injured by a driver under the influence of drugs, families who lose a child to illegal drugs and others injured by illegal drugs. It is essentially a products liability act for illegal drugs. According to Kevin G. Meeks (1998) that Michigan, Oklahoma, Illinois, Hawaii, Arkansas, California, South Dakota, Utah, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Colorado, South Carolina and the U. S. Virgin Islands have passed the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act. Existing law in the remaining 37 states does not clearly establish a means by which drug dealers can be made to pay damages for the injuries they cause. The Drug Dealer Liability Act fills that void. The first lawsuit brought under the Act resulted in a judgment on July 21, 1995 of $1 million in favor of a drug baby and more than $7 million to the city of Detroit’s expenses for providing drug treatment to inmates in Detroit jails. Two Detroit dealers were ordered to pay the damages to the drug baby’s siblings because the baby was born addicted to cocaine and was later bludgeoned to death by her mother while high on drugs. In Utah, the wife of a drug-using professional brought a Drug Dealer Liability Act case against her husband’s dealer of six years. The defendant in that case settled after losing his pretrial challenges to the Drug Dealer Liability Act. In South Dakota in April 2000 a jury returned a verdict under South Dakota’s Drug Dealer Liability Act in the amount of $268 Million in favor of a woman whose husband was killed in a head on collision with a driver under the influence of drugs. The defendant was not the driver of the car but the dealer who supplied drugs to the driver. Clinton W. Taylor (1999) said that the Drug Dealer Liability Act offers an added new approach to illegal drugs. Since it would be impossible to identify each person in a chain of illegal drug distribution, the Act establishes a form of â€Å"market liability† so a plaintiff need only prove that a defendant was distributing illegal drugs in the community of the user who caused the plaintiff’s injuries, that the distributor was distributing the same type of drug used by the user and that the defendant’s distribution in that community was during the period of time that the user was using. The plaintiff need not prove that the drug user received a specific defendant’s illegal drugs. Cases can be brought by guardians of drug babies, those injured by a drugged driver, families of adolescent users, employers and public hospitals that pay for treatment of drug babies and others. The principles of â€Å"market liability† or â€Å"market-share liability† in existing case law allow civil recovery from manufacturers of hazardous materials for injury caused by those materials that affect health, even if the source of the particular product that caused injury cannot be identified. The cases involving the pharmaceutical DES are examples. The DDLA is a legislatively created form of â€Å"market liability† to cause illegal drug dealers to pay damages for the injuries caused by their illegal drugs. According to Mark Hansen (1996) that the Act permits parents of children in drug treatment, those injured by drugged drivers, state and county public agencies that pay for drug treatment and/or illegal drug related medical care, hospitals caring for drug babies, insurers, employers and others who are injured because of illegal drugs to recover in a civil action any assets in the hands of drug dealers who have distributed drugs in their communities. Existing federal and state drug forfeiture laws require that the money seized from convicted drug dealers be returned to them unless it is directly connected to their drug crimes. In contrast, a dealer’s assets, income and future inheritance or other income are subject to payment to the plaintiff who successfully brings a lawsuit under the Drug Dealer Liability Act. As with any other civil tort liability, those assets do not have to be forfeitable in order for them to be recovered by a successful plaintiff. The Drug Dealer Liability Act is the first law of its kind to hold dealers who intentionally distribute illegal drugs liable for the injury they cause. It has received national attention on Larry King Live television program, CNN and the Wall Street Journal. The Act promises a new avenue for those who have suffered because of the sale of illegal drugs in their communities who just â€Å"don’t want to take it anymore! † The problem of illegal drugs merits attack from every source and with every available tool. The civil justice system is a powerful weapon. The approach outlined in the Drug Dealer Liability Act relies on the foundation of traditional tort law in a constrained and reasonable way to aim this weapon at one of the greatest challenges our society faces. The Act establishes reasonable limitations to balance the removal of practical obstacles to bringing a suit relying solely on traditional tort law. By enacting a specific cause of action against those who participate in the illegal drug market, the Drug Dealer Liability Act can work in tandem with the criminal justice system and drug education programs to help achieve drug free communities. Reference Kevin G. Meeks, Georgia Law Review, Fall, (1998), Note: FROM SINDELL TO STREET PUSHERS: IMPOSING MARKET SHARE TORT LIABILITY ON ILLEGAL DRUG DEALERS. Clinton W. Taylor, Oklahoma Law Review, Summer, (1999), THE OKLAHOMA DRUG DEALER LIABILITY ACT: A CIVIL REMEDY FOR A VICTIMLESS CRIME. Mark Hansen, (Dec. 1996) Just Say See You in Court: Drug Users Can Seek Dealers Cash Under New Liability Laws, A. B. A. J. , at 30.

Mice & Men Essay Example for Free

Mice Men Essay In chapter 3, the setting, the bunkhouse can be seen to symbolise that people only see what is obvious to them. Steinbeck shows this through symbolism in the bunkhouse. ‘Although there was evening brightness showing through the windows of the bunkhouse, inside it was dusk†¦ Instantly the table was brilliant with light, and the cone of the shade threw its brightness straight downward, leaving the corners of the bunkhouse still in dusk. The brightness down the centre of the bunkhouse shows our assumptions about something, as we judge things solely for what we see and know. This happens at least once during the text and can be seen through the immediate judgement of Curleys wife as comes alone to the bunkhouse. George seems to know exactly where the trouble is going to originate, and this is shown when George cautions Lennie not to talk to Curleys wife. George immediately judges Curley’s wife from previous gossip from Candy, her appearance and her behaviour before he has a chance to get to know her. His assumption led the audience to believe that she is simply just a tart, and nothing more. The dark and gloomy corners on the other hand are a representation of the secrets and not so obvious things in life. This can be seen at the end of the text when we find out the real reasoning as to why Curley’s wife behaves the way she does, which is due to her lack of attention from Curley, not just because she is a floozy. The contrast of dark and light builds anticipation in the audience as the feeling of doubt seems to lurk permanently in the background. Others may interpret the bunkhouse to symbolise cruel world of reality. The dark corners of the bunkhouse suggest dreams and ambitions as in the dark, as we cannot see the problems in which lie ahead. It is only in the light which can be seen down the centre of the bunkhouse that we can see reality and all of the barriers in which will prevent us from achieving these ambitions. Steinbeck shows this when all ambitions of the ranch workers never go to plan. In the light down the centre of the Bunkhouse It appears to be a world in which fate often plays a hand, and the characters are frequently defenceless and watch their dreams turn to dust. Lennie’s puppy symbolises dreams, joy and the relationship between George and Lennie. A puppy is so fun to play with. You can spend time with it; a puppy can listen to all of your problems, is a great friend and you could never stay mad when you see one; however they are reliant on its owner for its wellbeing. This is like the relationship between George and Lennie. Lennie is reliant on George to keep him well and healthy and out of trouble just like the puppy would be reliant on Lennie when it grows older. George and Lennie are also have a close relationship, where they share their problems and although they George may get frustrated with George at times he is always quick to forgive him. The puppy brings joy to Lennie and George because ‘George said if Lennie didn’t hurt the puppy then he could tend the rabbits, when they get their own farm. The dream farm symbolises the tie between them and keeps them working, even when times are hard it is, and is ultimately, their version of heaven. So when Lennie kills a kills the puppy later on in the Chapter 5, it is obvious to the audience that their chances of going there are forever ruined. In contrast to this it may lead some to believe that the puppy is therefore a symbolism of the fate of the weak in the strong and foreshadows doom, shown particularly when Lennie brings the puppy in to the house and away from the it’s nest. ‘’He reached down and picked the tiny puppy from where Lennie had been concealing it against him’’. Concealing means to prevent something from being seen or known about. Many things are concealed during the story such as the petting and death of the mice, the incident in weed, the death of the puppy and briefly the death of Curley’s wife. We learn about the incident in weed in chapter 3 so it automatically foreshadows a doomed future of the puppy, given our knowledge about the mice. Our suspicions are confirmed During Chapter 5 when Lennie kills the puppy accidentally due to the fact that he still does not recognize his own strength. Although no other character can match Lennie’s physical strength, Lennie finds himself in a similar situation as the innocent animal, as Lennie is unaware of the vicious, predatory powers that surround him. This doom was foreshadowed by the puppy. The sequence of events of the puppy gives a cast contrast of scenes full of hope (when the puppy is first given to Lennie), in comparison to scenes of disappointment (when the puppy dies) increases the readers apprehension as they are continuously on the edge wondering what he will do next.

OpenStack Introduction and Uses

OpenStack Introduction and Uses OpenStack: It is an open-source programming stage for distributed computing, generally sent as a framework and as an administration. The product stage comprises of interrelated segments that control various multi-seller equipments, stockpiling and system administration assets all through a server base. Amazon Web Service: It is a protected cloud administration stage which offers figure control, database stockpiling, content conveyance and many other uses to help organization scale so that they can develop and investigate how a large number of clients are as of now utilizing AWS cloud items and can find answers for construct modern applications with expanded adaptability, versatility and unwavering quality. OpenStack In Cloud: OpenStack falls into the last classification and is viewed as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The framework implies that OpenStack makes it simple for clients to rapidly include new case, whereas other cloud parts can run on their own. Regularly, the foundation stands first and then runs a stage where an engineer can make programming applications which are conveyed to the end clients, the end client can pick either of the one whereas to utilize the reference executions for each venture or track particular usage for each one of the process. The guarantee of OpenStack is the interoperability among various segments from various sellers or open source projects. It has self-benefit case life cycle administration with the goal that it can do whatever it needs to be done say run,reboot,suspend,resize or end the instances when needed. AWS In Cloud: Amazon Web Service is the one which is most popular all around the world where it manages and maintains the complete infrastructure in the cloud, so as far as business is concerned they are not in need of acquiring any servers or other infrastructure stuffs well in advance instead they can get tons of servers in minutes whereas they can complete the entire project within the deadline in a less budget. AWS are mostly used in Pinterest,Netflix and various other big shot companies and small companies as well. AWS isnt only for the Dropboxes and Reddits, however they can have a few servers on AWS   productively as well. We as of now have been utilizing AWS to have the web backend for a venture web application. AWS has manufactured a world class, exceptionally secure framework, both physically and over the web where server areas are staffed 24-7 via prepared security watches. Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) empower to turn up clones in numerous districts for various situation s in couple of minutes, disposing are in need to rehash the set-up steps unfailingly. Components In OpenStack: OpenStack is a cloud working framework controls wide pools of compute,storage and systems administration assets throught a datacenter where all are monitored through a dashboard that gives heads control while engaging their clients to an arrangement assets through a web interface. The components play a vital role in this process where it is been explained below: Nova: It is utilized for sending and overseeing wide quantities of virtual machines and different occurrences to deal with processing techniques. Swift: It is a capacity framework for articles and records where it permits the framework to stress over how best to ensure that information is moved down if any problem arises with the machines. Cinder: It is a piece stockpiling   part, which is more closely resembling the customary idea of a PC having the capacity to get to particular areas on a drive. Neutron: It guarantees that each of the parts in the OpenStack which it communicates can speak with each other rapidly and productively. Horizon: It is the dashboard behind OpenStack where it provides administrators a view at what is happening in the cloud, and to look over it when required. Keystone: It provides different kinds of access to various process so that the developers can easily track the current clients strategies against keystone. Glance: It gives picture administrations to OpenStack and permits these pictures to be utilized as formats while conveying new virtual machine examples. Components In AWS: It gives on-request figuring assets and administrations in the cloud, with pay-as-you-go estimation. For instance, we can run a server on AWS that we can sign in to where we can arrange, secure, and run similarly as we have a server that is sitting before the developer. There are many types of Amazon Web Service components where some of them are listed below: Elastic Cloud Computing: It offers preconfigured Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), or clients can make their own pictures.The user will decide when to begin and when to end, and then screen the same number of examples as they need, contingent upon workloads. Simple Storage System: It is a basic web administrations interface that can be utilized to store and recover any measure of information, whenever, from anyplace on the web. Elastic Block Storage: It gives piece level stockpiling volumes to EC2 occurrences where EBS volumes are exceedingly accessible and solid stockpiling volumes that can be joined to any running occasion that is in a similar Availability Zone. SimpleDB: A non-social database cloud benefit that can be utilized to store and question the informations by means of web administrations where simpleDB is suited more for less unpredictable database situations where clients need to rapidly gaze upward and get to information in non-social databases. Simple Queue Service: It is a message lining administration that permits clients to start with essential APIs like CreateQueue,SendMessage,ReceiveMessage, ChangeMessageVisibility and DeleteMessage to peruse and compose a immense amount of messages. CloudWatch: It empowers constant observing of AWS assets where the application consequently gives measurements to CPU use, inertness so clients can likewise stipulate extra measurements to be monitored, such as memory use, exchange volumes or even mistake rates. AWS Management Console: It is a program based graphical user interface where through the reassure clients it can deal with their distributed computing, distributed storage and different assets running on the Amazon Web Services framework. References: Link 1: https://www.storagecraft.com/blog/openstack-introduction/ Link 2: http://www.cloudcomputingadmin.com/articles-tutorials/amazon-web-services/aws-overview-part1.html

Essay --

In the late eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution made its debut in Great Britain and subsequently spread across Europe, North America and the rest of the world. These changes stimulated a major transformation in the way of life, and created a modern society that was no longer rooted in agricultural production but in industrial manufacture. Great Britain was able to emerge as the world’s first industrial nation through a combination of numerous factors such as natural resources, inventions, transport systems, and the population surge. It changed the way people worked and lived, and a revolution was started. As stated by Steven Kreis in Lecture 17, â€Å"England proudly proclaimed itself to be the "Workshop of the World," a position that country held until the end of the 19th century when Germany, Japan and United States overtook it.† A major cause for the Industrial Revolution was the enormous spurt of population growth in England. The increase in population meant that there were more people in surplus from agricultural jobs, and they had to find work in industrial factories. Enclosure brought forth a great increase in farming production and profits. Farming was improved through the use of crop rotation, enclosures, and the division on farms across England. Crops that were grown consisted of turnips, barley, clover, wheat. This improvement in farming caused a population explosion, which soon led to a higher demand for goods. The new means of production demanded new kinds of skills, new regulation in work, and a large labor force. The goods produced met immediate consumer demand and also created new demands. In the long run, industrialization raised the standard of living and overcame the poverty that most Europeans, who lived d... ...ndustrialization spread to the United States then across Europe. The BBC website indicates France, by contrast, was home to some of the finest scientific minds, but had an absolute monarchy which wielded great control over economic and political life. In Britain people believed that through industrial production they could create untold wealth - and the government believed that it was its responsibility to make this happen. In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution had profoundly impacted Europe in the 18th century. The Industrial Revolution also had considerable impact upon the nature of work, people, geography, and technology. It significantly changed the daily lives of ordinary men, women, and children. All of these factors came together in the late 18th century to create the unique conditions in England that culminated in the first-ever Industrial Revolution.

Sensing Project :: Papers

Sensing Project Project brief A new greenhouse is being developed for gardeners who are concerned about overheating plants in their current greenhouses. The new greenhouse has been built with opening windows but occasionally the windows of the greenhouse slips fully open and allow all of the trapped heat in the greenhouse to escape quickly. This is a major concern for serious gardeners. The test is to develop a sensing circuit that will sense whether the windows are fully open, so a gardener can be alerted of the problem. Introduction ============ To begin we must know what a sensor is. A sensor is an electrical component, which produces a signal in response to alteration in its surroundings, this maybe an alteration in a physical variable or by movement of objects. The sensor planned for the sensing circuit ensuring the windows are not fully open is a rotary potentiometer. A rotary potentiometer is a component, which has three terminals. When the angle of rotation is changed on the component's arm then the potential difference (often called voltage) is also changed. Once the voltage reaches a specific point a separate circuit could activate an alarm showing that the window has slipped and is fully opened. The potential difference is the difference between potential energy between two separate points. Alternatively a different sensing circuit could be used. A circuit with a thermistor (a component sensing change in temperature) could be used. In normal situations when the window would be fully closed the temperature in the greenhouse would be high so the output voltage from this circuit would be low. However if the windows were to slip open fully then the temperature inside the greenhouse would decrease so the output voltage would increase. The circuit could be linked to an alarm of some type so as when the voltage increases past a certain point when the window is fully open, the alarm rings alerting the gardener to shut the windows again. A circuit containing a LDR (light dependant resistor) could also be

Obsession in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Birthmark :: Birthmark Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientific research concerning living organisims is usually beneficial. Most medical practices are beneficial; they are done to cure people from illness and to save people's lives. The only time when science borders on going too far is when it is used to alter people or animals -- for instance changing the genes of a fly to give it eyes on its legs. Making mutants like that violates the sanctity of life, and although it is condonable for research with flies, to do something similar to humans would be beyond comprehension.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is clear that Hawthorne does not look favorably upon manipulating humans with science. He is especially wary about using science to try to make things worse; "Do not repent that with so high and pure a feeling, you have rejected the best the earth could offer. ... I am dying!" says Chillingworth wife after she is "cured" of her birthmark, a large brown mole on the upper left side of her right arm.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chillingworth feels that this experiment is justified because his wife is nowhere near perfect, withstanding the birthmark. "...upon another arm perhaps it might, but ... you came so hideous from the hand of Nature that this slightest possible defect, which we hesitate whether to term a defect or a beauty, shocks me, as being the visible mark of earthly imperfection." If she hadn't been so close to detestment, he would not have minded the birthmark, but because she is otherwise beastly, the birthmark stands out. Significant is the use of the phrase "earthly imperfection", which hints at Hawthorne's theme. By removing Georgiana's "earthly imperfection", Chillingworth is playing God. It is hard to say whether it was justified in my opinion, even if the experiment had succeeded. If I take the story literally, and put myself in one of their positions, it might be. But I don't think that this is what Hawthorne wants us to be concerned with; he wants to show us why it is wrong to try to change nature with science.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hawthorne's theme of tampering with nature can easily be applied to society.

Global Health Risks And Uk Health And Social Care Essay

The UK is one of the major precursors in states indexed as extremely developed together with the United States. However, despite its aforesaid position as a prima economic state, it is still afflicted with legion wellness menaces coming from domestic or the international community. [ /intro ] One identified increasing menace to wellness, stemming from indigents, is Obesity. Before the morning of the twenty-first century fleshiness was rare, and it was merely during 1997 that WHO recognized the status as an epidemic [ 1 ] . By 2005, around 400 million grownups are corpulent, with adult females more stricken than work forces [ 2 ] . In clip fleshiness may replace old top wellness concerns, such as undernutrition and infection, as a important cause of hapless wellness. [ /internal wellness menace ] Data regarding in the UK has proven to be a cause for dismay. In the last 25 old ages fleshiness increased four 100 per centum: In comparing during the 1980s, merely 6 % and 8 % of male and female, severally, are afflicted with the status. However, by the twelvemonth 2002, twenty two per centum of males and 20 three per centum of females are corpulent [ 3 ] . There are multiple causes to explicate fleshiness, these include increased calorie consumption, sedentary life style, familial sensitivity or psychiatric illess [ 4 ] . But a major determiner of fleshiness is under scientific geographic expedition following the find of leptin. Leptin is a protein produced by adipocytes and act on the hypothalamus to stamp down appetite. Without leptin, or a decreased of degrees, thereof consequences in increased appetency ensuing to fleshiness. Surprisingly adequate fasting and devouring really low-calorie diet lessenings leptin [ 5 ] . As all of us are cognizant, excessively much of a good thing is damaging. This is besides applicable to human weight. Excessive sums of organic structure fat consequences in increasing morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease, endocrinopathies and malignant neoplastic disease – all of which finally lead to fatal result at a younger age [ 6 ] . Like any other state, the UK is under changeless menace from abroad sing wellness – one such cardinal illustration is swine grippe. [ /external wellness menace ] Swine grippe is a mutation of H1N1 or influenza A ( the most deadly type of flu-virus ) , with familial mixture coming from aviary, hogs and worlds [ 7 ] . The flu eruption began in Mexico and easy began to be a pandemic instance shortly thenceforth. It spread around the universe doing about 15,000 deceases worldwide [ 8 ] . Swine grippe reached UK on April, 2009 with the reaching of riders coming from Mexico. It was until May of 2009 that the first clinically confirmed instance of swine grippe was reported. By July the degrees peaked about at a reeling 10,000 instances [ 9 ] . The marks and symptoms of swine grippe are excessively generalized to run into a speedy yet accurate diagnosing. These include febrility, concern, arthralgia, unease, purging, diarrhoea and depression [ 10 ] . Despite its namesake, swine grippe can non be transmitted through ingestion of porc but instead direct human-human contact, more so by respiratory droplets [ 11 ] . In the UK, stairss were taken to prosecute the menace of grippe and of primary importance is through bar: by grippe vaccinums. It was given to medical forces, immunocompromised host and pregnant adult females [ 12 ] . There were initial studies of deficit due to the belief that two shootings were necessary to arouse sufficient protection ; nevertheless, surveies suggest that a individual shooting of flu vaccinum is capable of protecting an single [ 13 ] . [ /end ] Assess the functions played by international administrations and bureaus ( both inter-governmental and non-governmental ) in wellness publicity and disease bar in developing states. The most outstanding of health-oriented international bureau is the WHO or universe wellness organisation. [ /intro ] The WHO was organized station World War II by the United Nations with the primary aim of supplying all the people by the highest possible degree of wellness [ 14 ] . The major undertaking involved is combat and extinguish assorted infective diseases and wellness publicity throughout the universe. One should observe that with the attempts of WHO, a extremely deadly viral agent doing Small Pox was successfully eliminated through conjunct attempts of assorted medical bureaus around the universe. For such a effort, the WHO deserves fear. Now the current monumental undertaking is to extinguish another common viral disease called Polio, which causes lasting palsy station infection. Another targeted disease that causes much societal stigma and has reached ill-famed pandemic position is HIV/AIDS. The WHO strides frontward even if faced with challenges that are beyond the current bound of medical discoveries [ 15 ] . Infectious disease is merely a portion of WHO ‘s undertaking, and wellness publicity makes up the majority of its planetary wellness mission. Health publicity tactics include dietetic instructions, drug turning away and surcease of smoke. The WHO besides conducts surveies about the efficaciousness of vaccinums, particularly of grippe, so that the infection is ceased in its paths [ 16 ] . Some of the plans and undertakings that the WHO is presently set abouting is supplying safe H2O supply, obliteration of malaria and assorted medical/surgical plans ( efficient proviso of surgical attention to trauma victims ) [ 17 ] . With its impressive array of plans to provide assorted health-related issues, the WHO deserves much citation. However, the WHO entirely is non responsible ; one must besides confront the fact that each state is run by authoritiess that are either functioning its people or functioning its involvement. To do a greater impact the WHO and the state in focal point must travel manus in manus to function the several indigents it has sworn to function. [ /end ] Measure the impact of planetary part in the bar of HIV/AIDS Malarias Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV/AIDS is a pandemic disease characterized by CD4 cells below 200 count and is caused by retroviruses. It was foremost recognized manner back during the 1980 ‘s and current planetary human death already reached 25 million people. In 2007, despite progresss in research refering anti-retroviral drugs, AIDS claimed around 2 million victims including more than 300,000 kids [ 18 ] . It is transmitted through contact with blood merchandises or mucose membranes, such as blood transfusion, sexual contact, perpendicular transmittal and chest eating [ 19 ] . Analyzing the manner of transmittal allow us to integrate preventative steps to collar the farther transmittal of the disease. Health organisations, such as CDC and WHO, promote pattern of safe sex and Needle exchange plans [ 20 ] . Some methods of practising safe sex is via usage of barrier, or more popularly known as rubbers. Condoms do lower the hazard of HIV acquisition but is does non so wholly, in fact rubbers promoted by the WHO have spermatocides that really irritate the vaginal wall of some adult females which may supply suited entry by assorted pathogens into the blood stream [ 21 ] . As for the needle exchange plan, the chief maneuver there is to supply drug users with unfertile acerate leafs for usage. This may sound absurd since wellness organisations are deliberately supplying acerate leafs for drug users, the benefits may outweigh the hazard in that HIV is kept under control [ 20 ] . In most developed states, HIV/AIDS instances have fallen or stalled due to the fact that there is increased consciousness in the general populace. This is attributed to aggressive runs, blood merchandise showing and publicity of safe sexual patterns. Malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasite that is transmitted through direct vaccination through the hosts ‘ tegument. Every twelvemonth there are reported extremums of 500 million instances of malaria with about 1-3 million fatal instances [ 22 ] . Agencies around the universe have formulated preventative steps to minimise or wholly eliminate malaria as an infective disease. However, an estimated sum of $ 3 billion a twelvemonth is needed to command the disease, and the financess are non equally distributed to assorted states hit by the disease. In fact, Africa which is considered to be the most to a great extent hit by malaria in contrast to other developing states, receives the lowest support as opposed to other states. It is non so much so of uneffective drugs, in fact we already have the necessary pharmacological intervention for malaria. The success lies in contributing administration, competent proficient attack, data-driven determination devising, and engagement of the communities [ 23 ] . Suggest International Measures†¦ There is no uncertainty that there is still inequality amongst other states. It causes discord to both sides of the fencing, so to talk. The poorer states are frequently times hit harder by illness and disease, and mortality is frequently high. When mortality is high it is frequently a contemplation of the authoritiess ‘ public presentation to supply equal wellness attention to its people. WHO is the organisation formed by the UN to see to it that all receive benefits from wellness attention, and to make that a pudding stone of international community formed merely so to provide its aims. For the past several old ages the WHO has surely done its mandated fundamental law nevertheless it is non without mistakes and through that it can still be improved. This is non to state that the WHO has done nil, in fact it has done everything it perchance can to work out at hand crisis and has done so with efficiency. However, to be able to go on into a better hereafter we must foremost shut the spread between the wellness services provided for the rich and for the hapless. It should besides form seamless attention associating bar and acute/chronic attention across all constituents of the wellness attention system. Furthermore, it must continually measure and measure itself for an assured and continued high degree of public presentation. The WHO itself has its challenges particularly to the states it handles ; most particularly when there is jailbreak of a extremely morbific disease such as grippe or MDR TB. The job comes when there is tenseness between the WHO and the state involved, most particularly when directives are given to that said state [ 24 ] . With those recommendations said, I believe that the hereafter amongst states lie entirely on its ability to synergize: one state lends to another less fortunate, puting aside capitalist economy and advancing existent attention for the people that need it the most. It is non merely the duty of the WHO, but the whole universe must be at a corporate. We are of the same species and must non be bound by race or faith. [ /end ] [ /rephrase ] Word count: +/- 1,500 [ 1 ] Haslam D ( March 2007 ) . â€Å" Fleshiness: a medical history † .A Obes RevA 8 Suppl 1: 31-6. [ 2 ] World Health Organization. Retrieved April 8th, 2009 [ 3 ] Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Health Committee ( May 2004 ) .A Obesity – Volume 1 – HCP 23-I, Third Report of session 2003-04. Report, together with formal proceedingss [ 4 ] leich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A ( 2008 ) . â€Å" Why is the developed universe obese? † [ 5 ] Chin-Chance C, Polonsky K, Schoeller D ( 2000 ) . â€Å" Twenty-four-hour leptin degrees respond to cumulative short-run energy instability and predict subsequent consumption † .A J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.A 85A ( 8 ) : 2685-91. [ 6 ] Haslam DW, James WP ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Obesity † .A LancetA 366A ( 9492 ) : 1197-209. [ 7 ] ew England Journal of Medicine, A Vladimir Trifonov, Ph.D. , Hossein Khiabanian, Ph.D. , and Raul Rabadan, Ph.D. , July 9, 2009. [ 8 ] ECDC [ 9 ] Health Protection Agency. 2009-06-11. Retrieved 2009-06-12 [ 10 ] National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation ( 2009-10-14 ) . [ 11 ] H1N1 Flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009-12-07 [ 12 ] NHS Choices. NHS Knowledge Service ( NHS ) . 2009-09-25. Retrieved 2009-09-28 [ 13 ] â€Å" One Vaccine Shot Seen as Protective for Swine Flu † .A The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-17. [ 14 ] World Health Organization. hypertext transfer protocol: //whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/official_records/constitution.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-18.A – For an easier to read version see â€Å" Constitution of the World Health Organization ( English merely version ) † ( PDF ) . World Health Organization. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/entity/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf. [ 15 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm [ 16 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2007/np07/en/index.html [ 17 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/surgery/challenges/en/ [ 18 ] UNAIDS [ 19 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/HIV/resources/factsheets/transmission.htm [ 20 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex/safer-sex-4263.htm, hypertext transfer protocol: //drugwarfacts.org/cms/ ? q=node/66 [ 21 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/ [ 22 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/malaria/facts.htm [ 23 ] Barat L ( 2006 ) . â€Å" Four malaria success narratives: how malaria load was successfully reduced in Brazil, Eritrea, India, and Vietnam † .A Am J Trop Med HygA 74 [ 24 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd46/future.pdf

Misconceptions About Africa

Coming to America Paper In the movie â€Å"Coming to America† we can observe a wide variety of stereotypes, cultural differences, and language barriers throughout the movie. Now whether or not the stereotypes and cultural differences are accurate, it gives us a good idea of how America is difference then most countries around the world. In today’s world when people think of Africa they think of people who may not be as educated as Americans, and possibly people who grew up in the jungle or rainforest. When in fact â€Å"only a small percentage of Africa, along the Guinea Coast, Congo, and in the Zaire River Basin, are rainforests. Most of Africa's forests, like the forests of Europe and North America, have been cut or burned by humans to create farmland. † (MAA) We also witness language barriers come into play in the movie. When the Prince is trying to find a city in America to find his bride he says â€Å"what better place for a queen than Queen’s, New York†. When in all reality Queen’s, New York is known for being to have a relatively high crime rate and high poverty rate in 1988 when the movie was released, which in American culture, would probably not be the best place to find your â€Å"queen† or girlfriend. Cultural differences, language barriers, and stereotypes, come up quite often in the movie. The movie tries to show Americans in a somewhat comedic way how Africa and America have different cultures. The cultural differences in the movie also suggest that it may not be very easy to transition between the two cultures, because American’s and African’s may value different things greater in one country compared to the other. Stereotypes, cultural differences, and language barriers will always be around, but it is up to the people of the world to educate one another, and help them evaluate and understand their differences, which will in turn help the coexistence of nations throughout the world. Citations â€Å"Misconceptions About Africa. †Ã‚  African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. Ed. Ali B. Ali-Dinar. Web. 05 Oct. 2010. . (MAA)

Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Healthcare

The population of United States of America is quite diverse as there is substantial numbers of African-American, Hispanic, Native American or Asian/Pacific Islander living here. The numbers of non whites is enormously increasing in the country. In 1900, one in eight American was non white but at present one in four is non white and it is estimated that by the year 2070, each one of two American will be non white. (US Census Bureau 2005) This changing composition of population is making differences in various sectors but the nation is facing an important challenge with respect to the biasness in healthcare.The overall healthcare of the country is impressively improving but this improvement is not being equally shared by all the racial and ethnic groups of nation. Non white population is getting divergent and low level medical treatment and care as compared with the white people and this difference has created healthcare disparities among the minorities. There are several causes behind these growing healthcare disparities among the minorities and several strategies have also been designed in order to cope up with this problem.This paper is proposing to conduct a quantitative research in order to highlight the root causes of healthcare disparities, strategies to overcome this problem and the attitude and role of the nation towards these disparities. The paper provides the background information, statistic data, need, purposes, significance and methodology of research. Introduction Disparity is â€Å"the condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree† and healthcare disparity refers to unsatisfactory situation when patients receive unequal medical treatment and care.When the medical care and treatment become unequal on racial and ethnic grounds, it gives rise to minorities healthcare disparities. Many researches have proved that in United States of America, people belonging to different races are not getting equal healthcare and the healthcar e disparities among the minorities is extensively increasing. The quality of medical care and treatment is different for minorities There are some basic factors responsible for this disparity like â€Å"differences in socioeconomic level i. e.income and education, language barriers, differences in health behaviors of consumers, lack of diversity in the health care workforce, lack of multi-cultural knowledge and actual discrimination and stereotyping by health care providers† (American Hospital Association). The death rate of African, South Asian, Hispania American due to severe diseases is considerably higher then that of white Americans. In order to avoid these disparities authentic researches are required that can highlight the problem areas and then design the strategies for improving the healthcare situation of minorities.A research study is proposed in order to find out the role of healthcare provider in promoting these healthcare disparities. The research will focus on the behaviors of nation especially the healthcare providers and their practice pattern in order to point out their contribution towards amplifying these disparities. It will be a qualitative research; a survey of major healthcare units where the health care providers (doctors and medical staff) and the patients (both White and Non-Whites) will be questioned about the issue.The research will focus on the points that how the people are responding towards the strategies designed for reducing the healthcare disparities among the minority population, how much the working pattern of healthcare provider has changed for minorities, how the white people are changing their attitude for non whites and weather the victims (minority population) are feeling any difference in their treatment and care or not. The data will be access to get the key findings which will be use in order to develop future strategies for preventing and minimizing the minorities healthcare disparities.The research will co ntain an introduction, background information, Statistical Data, Finding of the survey, Analysis and results, discussion, proposed strategies and conclusion. The problems statement or hypothesis for the research will be â€Å"Is our nation doing enough to reduce racial and ethnic disparity in healthcare? † Background Information There is great rise in healthcare discrimination for minorities in United States. Despite the improved national healthcare situation, the minority population is facing more problems regarding their health.Following is the background information about the health condition of African Americans, Hispanics, South Indian and Native Americans, and islanders. The infant mortality rate is going down in America but the African American still have a high infant mortality rate which is almost double than the white Americans. â€Å"Heart disease death rates are more than 40 percent higher for African Americans than for whites. The death rate for all cancers is 3 0 percent higher for African Americans than for whites; for prostate cancer, it is more than double that for whites.African American women have a higher death rate from breast cancer despite having a mammography screening rate that is nearly the same as the rate for white women. The death rate from HIV/AIDS for African Americans is more than seven times that for whites; the rate of homicide is six times that for whites. During 2001-2004, 68% of all women reported with AIDS were African American; among men, just under half (44%) of the new cases of HIV and AIDS were in African Americans. Lupus is three times more common in African American women than in white women.African American women tend to develop symptoms at an earlier age than other women, and have more severe organ problems, especially with their kidneys. † (Health People 2010) The Hispanic population is also facing low level medical care which has resulted in their poor health conditions. Among the new cases of tuberc ulosis registered in America during 1996, almost 20% were Hispanic. The number of Hispanic Americans dieing from diabetes is almost double then the non Hispanics.They also have high blood pressure and obesity rate as compared with non Hispanics. â€Å"Only 18% of Hispanics with high blood pressure have this condition under control, compared with 30% of whites. Type 2 diabetes is being diagnosed more often in Hispanic children and adolescents than in the past. Only 42% of Hispanics aged 65 years or older receive a pneumonia or annual flu shot, compared with 63% of whites. Only 28% receive the pneumonia shot, compared with 61% of whites.Hispanics have the second highest rate of HIV/AIDS diagnoses and account for 18% of all HIV/AIDS cases. In 2004, non-Hispanic black persons were less likely than non-Hispanic white persons to have received a flu shot during the past 12 months (Non-Hispanic black: 32. 9%; Non-Hispanic white: 50. 9%), and were also less likely to have ever received a pn eumococcal vaccination (Non-Hispanic black: 38. 6%; Non-Hispanic white: 60. 9%)†. (CDC, 2007) The American Indians and Alaska natives are also the minority nations having bad health conditions.The diabetes and infant mortality rate is almost double among them as compared with the white Americans. â€Å"The Pima of Arizona have one of the highest rates of diabetes in the world. American Indians and Alaska Natives also have disproportionately high death rates from unintentional injuries and suicide. † (CDC) The health condition of Asians and Pacific Islanders is considered as â€Å"one of the healthiest population groups in the United States† but there are still data that proves that this population is also facing healthcare diversities.For example â€Å"the women of Vietnamese origin suffer from cervical cancer at nearly five times the rate for white women. New cases of hepatitis and tuberculosis also are higher in Asians and Pacific Islanders living in the Unite d States than in whites. Pacific Islanders are more than twice as likely as whites to receive a diagnosis of diabetes. Although the estimated HIV/AIDS rate among Pacific Islanders is the lowest in the United States compared with all other racial and ethnic groups, the rate increased an average of 9% each year during 2001–2004.† (Healthy People 2010) There are many diseases which are very common among the minorities and causing high death rates among them. These diseases include Infant Mortality, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, Mental Problems, Cancer, Heart Diseases, Diabetes, Immunizations and HIV AIDS. These diseases are effecting the health situation of minorities at large for example, the â€Å"African-American, American Indian, and Puerto Rican infants have higher death rates than white infants. In 2000, the black-to-white ratio in infant mortality was 2. 5 (up from 2. 4 in 1998).African-American women are more than twice as likely to die of cervical cancer as are white women and are more likely to die of breast cancer than are women of any other racial or ethnic group. In 2000, rates of death from diseases of the heart were 29 percent higher among African-American adults than among white adults, and death rates from stroke were 40 percent higher. In 2000, American Indians and Alaska Natives were 2. 6 times more likely to have diagnosed diabetes compared with non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans were 2. 0 times more likely, and Hispanics were 1.9 times more likely. African Americans and Hispanics accounted for 66 percent of adult AIDS cases and 82 percent of pediatric AIDS cases reported in the first half of that year† (NCHS 2002) whereas In 2001, Hispanics and African Americans aged 65 and older were less likely than Non-Hispanic whites to report having received influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (MMWR, 2002) The mental problems of the minorities are also an important point of concern as â€Å"American Indians and Alaska Natives appear t o suffer disproportionately from depression and substance abuse.Minorities have less access to, and availability of, mental health services. Minorities are less likely to receive needed mental health services. Minorities in treatment often receive a poorer quality of mental health care. Minorities are underrepresented in mental health research. † (Mental Health Report 1999) In 2002, 50 percent of those infected with Hepatitis B was Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Black teenagers and young adults become infected with Hepatitis B three to four times more often than those who are white.One recent study has found that black people have a higher incidence of Hepatitis C infection than white people. (Department of Health and Human Services) Of all the TB cases reported from 1991-2001, almost 80 percent were in racial and ethnic minorities. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders accounted for 22 percent of those cases, even though they made up less than four percent of the U. S . population. (NCHSTP Division of TB Elimination) Medical Care and Treatment of MinoritiesThe poor health condition of the minorities is caused by unequal medical treatment and care. The minority people are in great need for better medical facilities because they are suffering from severe diseases at higher rates but there is not proper access of minorities to the healthcare facilities. Some factors are responsible for this issue like â€Å"lack of health insurance, an inadequate number of health care facilities, patient dumping, difficulty in obtaining prescription drugs and an insufficient number of African-American doctors.† (Cara A. Fauci, 1996) There is lack of medical facilities availability to the minority population for example, the â€Å"African Americans are 13 percent less likely to undergo coronary angioplasty and one-third less likely to undergo bypass surgery than are whites, Among preschool children hospitalized for asthma, only 7 percent of black and 2 percen t of Hispanic children, compared with 21 percent of white children, are prescribed routine medications to prevent future asthma-related hospitalizations.The length of time between an abnormal screening mammogram and the follow up diagnostic test to determine whether a woman has breast cancer is more than twice as long in Asian American, black, and Hispanic women as in white women. African Americans with HIV infection are less likely to be on antiretroviral therapy, less likely to receive prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia, and less likely to be receiving protease inhibitors than other persons with HIV.An HIV infection data coordinating center, now under development, will allow researchers to compare contemporary data on HIV care to examine whether disparities in care among groups are being addressed and to identify any new patterns in treatment that arise. Asian American, Hispanic, and African American residents of nursing homes are all far less likely than white residents to ha ve sensory and communication aids, such as glasses and hearing aids. A new study of nursing home care is developing measures of disparities in this care setting and their relationship to quality of care.† (AHRQ Fact Sheet 2000) Following is the chart that shows the total number of deaths in America during the year 2001 and the ratio of different minorities’ death due to different diseases. The Need to Conduct the Study: The above stated information clearly throws the light on the situation of minorities’ health in United States. The current scenario is not very positive and hopeful for the people living in US, belonging to different races and ethnicity. The situation demands the attention of scholars and social scientists to work for its betterment.Research studies are greatly needed in the field of healthcare disparities of minorities because the results of the researcher will work for formulating strategies that can reduce the disparities and make the situation better. To eliminate the racial and ethnic discrimination in healthcare sectors it is very necessary to have a research support so that there could be a better understanding of healthcare disparities among the government, healthcare providers, insurers, employers, hospital staff, physicians, patients and general public.Several researches have been conducted with the aim to minimize the healthcare disparity. These researches worked out for authentic data and strategic plans but despite all that there is no significant improvement in this field. Now a research is much needed to know the impact of previously taken steps so that the new plans can be designed. There is a great need to know weather those steps and strategies are working or not. It is required to find out the response of public towards the strategies and steps that have been taken in order to create awareness among people about the healthcare disparities of minorities.The change in the working pattern of healthcare provid ers and their behaviors towards the minorities is also need to be found out. All these requirements can be fulfilled by this proposed study as it is intended to focus upon the nation’s role in minimizing minorities’ healthcare disparities. It is also required to measure the differences in the medical treatment given to the people of different races so that a clear picture of the issue could be achieved.The report of the proposed research will also provide authentic data and detailed background information of the issue that will aid in formulating policies for the betterment of the sector. The Purpose and Objective of Research The research study is aimed at improving the healthcare conditions of minorities in United States by expanding the information about the minorities’ healthcare with reference to particular diseases like heart problem, cancer, AIDS and infant mortality etc.It will point out the main diseases and their relative medical care conditions for the minority people. This data will help in the formulation of health policy for the minorities also it will throw the light on the main health problems among minorities that could make them conscious about their health. The study will be directed by the objective of enhancing the understanding of issue at national and governmental level and to underline the negative consequences of the issues so that there could be great awareness about reducing the disparities.Through the study people will be insisted to change their thinking about the minorities and changing their behaviors. The healthcare providers who discriminates the minority people will be accessed and they were asked to analyze their attitude towards minorities. Their personal analysis of their attitude could be helpful in making changes in their way of thinking and as a result there could be betterment in situation for the non white and low income people who are not getting proper medical care from them.The purpose of the stu dy is also to investigate people about their troubles and to point out the major problem areas like language barrier or other so that the monitory population will also get some idea to overcome this discrimination. The survey could be a great opportunity for the minorities to express their thinking and to share their experiences. It will develop a communication link among different people of the society. The principle factors responsible for the disparities among the racial and ethnic groups will also come in front of people, as a result of this study.In short the purpose of the study is to get a better understanding of the minorities healthcare disparities and to find out the ways for the reduction of this disparity. It will be a systematic approach and managed effort for minimizing the minorities healthcare disparities. Significance of the Research The research will focus on the purpose of eliminating the healthcare disparities among minorities. The study will work to collect the data related to the issue from all possible sources then its analysis and interpretation for digging out some points that can help in making situation better.This effort will result in the gathering of complete authentic background information about the issue that will be helpful for the other scholars intended to work in the field. The data will also provide the students of this field a deep and detailed view of the issue. The systematically gathered data about the health condition and medical care will facilitate the policy making people and while formulating the health policy for minorities, it will be significant to know their health condition with respect to several diseases and their treatment.The major problems area will be identified easily. The research is proposed to done in quantities method and the data gathered through the survey from different people will provide a picture about the thinking and interpretation of the issue. The social scientists and psychologists can a lso dig out some solutions from the thinking style of people and they can also work for changing people behaviors and their perception of the issue.Some researches have been done by different organizations that focused on minority healthcare disparities and strategic plan for their reduction. Many of the researches are done under the supervision of credible organizations. A research was conducted by the â€Å"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality – AHRQ† in the year 2003, under the name of â€Å"National Healthcare Disparities Report†. The National Healthcare Disparities Report is the â€Å"national comprehensive effort to measure differences in access and use of health care services by various populations.The report includes a broad set of performance measures that can serve as baseline views of differences in the use of services. The report presents data on differences in the use of services, access to health care, and impressions of quality for seven cl inical conditions, including cancer, diabetes, end-stage renal disease, heart disease, HIV and AIDS, mental health, and respiratory disease as well as data on maternal and child health, nursing home and home health care, and patient safety.It also examines differences in use of services by priority populations. † (AHRQ) The 2003 report is also available online at http://www. qualitytools. ahrq. gov/disparitiesreport/2003/download/download_report. aspx. Another research â€Å"Racism and Health Care in America: Legal Responses to Racial Disparities in the Allocation of Kidneys† was conducted by Cara A.Fauci in the year 1996 which â€Å"proposes and analyzes various responses to disparities in kidney allocation on the basis of race including public education, organ donation publicity campaigns, presumed consent to donation laws, the creation of criteria for placement on an United Network for Organ Sharing kidney allocation waiting list, alteration of kidney allocation gui delines, and litigation under both the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution and Title VI of the Civil Rights of 1964. † This report is also available online at http://www. bc. edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bctwj/21_1/02_TXT.htm Another research is done by AHRQ â€Å"Strategies for Improving Minority Healthcare Quality†. The research is focused at developing scientific information for other agencies and organizations on which to base clinical guidelines, performance measures, and other quality improvement tools. Contractor institutions review all relevant scientific literature on assigned clinical care topics and produce evidence reports and technology assessments, conduct research on methodologies and the effectiveness of their implementation, and participate in technical assistance activities (AHRQ Fact Sheet)The Hypothesis or Problem Statement and Introduction of Research The research study will focus on the nation’s awareness about the minorities’ healthcare disparities and will focus on the attitude and thinking ways of general public and healthcare providers. The problems statement or hypothesis for the research will be â€Å"Is our nation doing enough to reduce racial and ethnic disparity in healthcare? The problem statement will be expresses in the questionnaire.A survey will be done among the healthcare providers, white Americans and non white Americans in which they will be asked to express their views about the role of nation for reducing the disparities of health care. It will be evaluated weather there is complete awareness among the people about the issue or not. The strategies designed by different research organizations are successful in changing nation’s way of thinking or not. The general public also has discrimination with each other and do the white people think it is justify carrying on the discrimination with non whites.Method and Introduction of the Research Study The research st udy will be quantitative. It will be a survey which is to be conducted among the healthcare providers and general public. Keeping in view the problem statement, a survey questionnaire would be designed. The questionnaire will consists of more then 5 questions which will be aimed at finding out the people opinions and thinking about the issue. Most of the questions will be multiple choices and in some there would be open field for people to express their views.The main question would be the same; the problem statement with sub questions i. e. â€Å"Is our Nation Doing enough to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Healthcare? † a) The behavior of healthcare providers varies for people of different races and ethnicity or not? b) Is there any impact of strategies planned reducing the minorities’ healthcare disparities? After the making of questionnaire, the universe for the survey would be decided; the number of people to be questioned, their geography, demography, age, sex, profession, race etc.Survey sampling is an important part of research in which it would be decided that what would be the criteria for selecting the people from different groups either they will be picked randomly or every 10th or 20th listed in the telephone directory or other population statistical data catalog. The data gathering could be through telephone, through internet and preferably by meeting them personally. The people can be accessed in the hospitals, clinics, offices or homes.After getting the entire questionnaire filled by the decided number of people, the next step would be finding out the results. Once the results came out they can be analyze in different ways, with respect to race and ethnicity, with respect to age, with respect to gender or with respect to profession or locality. After analyzing the key findings of the results will be use to presenting result summary of the research. The key finding will help in formulating the strategies for the betterment of situation.there would be a discussion on the finding and proposed strategies as well as the impact of previous strategies. A conclusion would windup the research report. Contents of Research Thesis with Proposed References List In the beginning there would be an Abstract and Acknowledgement. The theses will be consisting of main chapters including Introduction, Background information and Statistical Data, Research Methodology, Research Findings or Results of the Study, Discussion, Proposed Strategies, Conclusion and Appendix.The â€Å"Introduction† will throw light on the whole theses. It will contain basic information about the issue, the need and purpose of research study, its significance, and the outcome. The introduction is an important part of the thesis. It should be compact and comprehensive. In the next section â€Å"Back ground Information and Statistical Data† there would be complete factual information about the situation of healthcare disparities related to minorities. There would be history indicating that the problem is not very new but it has deep roots inside history.After history there will be present picture of the issue; the ratio of different racial and ethnic groups in the population of United States and their health condition. The situation of present healthcare of minorities with regard to major diseases and their respective treatment will also be including in the background information. The quality of medical care available for different ethnic and racial groups would be an important point to focus upon. The statistical data will comprise of charts and tables indicating different diseases among minorities and death rates compared with white people.The thirds section â€Å"Research Methodology† will describe the entire method of conducting research. It will include the problem statement, questionnaire, survey sampling, data gathering tools and methods. It will also inform about demography and geography of the peopl e included in the study, the number of people questioned, the number of questions asked, the method of conducting survey either through telephone, internet, post or personal meetings. After the methodology, the next section will be the â€Å"Research findings† or â€Å"Results of the Survey†.In this section there would be included the statistical data that came out from the survey questionnaires. The opinion of people would be included in percentages with respect to their race, age, geography and profession or income group. The results will clarify the study finding and highlight the public opinion. The next section i. e. â€Å"Discussion† will contain the analysis of the findings of the survey. This is the main part of the theses where the result finding will be use to analyze the current situation and the impact of previously formulated strategies.The discussion will throw the light on the current condition of minority healthcare disparities. The discussion wi ll be followed by the â€Å"Proposed Strategies† where there will be suggestions about the steps that could be taken in order to reduce the disparities in minority healthcare and to create better awareness in nation about the problem. In the â€Å"Conclusion† the whole thesis would be windup. It will be the end of research report which will sum up all the information, data, findings, discussion and proposals made within the theses.